ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity and to examine the eating habits of elementary school students in Iksan dity. The study was carried out on 292 students(male: 151, female : 141)in May of 1997. The average height and weight of the subjects were 141 cm and 37 kg in males and 142 cm and 36 kg in females, which were similar to the average of Chonbuk. A Weight/Length Index(WLI), Broca Index, Rohrer Index(RI), Body Mass Index(BMI) and Waist Hip Ratio(WHR) were used as an obesity index to classify degree of obesity. WLI, Broca Index and RI were proper for judging child obesity and strict judgments were conducted in the order of RI, WLI and Brcoa Index. The subjects were classified as 30.8% underweight, 43.5% normal, 8.2% overweight and 17.5% obese by WLI and there were significant differences between height(p<0.05) and weight(p<0.01) according to obesity degree among the four groups. 50.3% of the boys and 55.3% of the girls are regularly, and the main reason they didn't ate regularly, and the maim reason they didn't eat breakfast(78.4%) was due to lack of time. The frequency of snacks were 1-2 times a week(40.4%), fruits(40.4%) from market and supermarket(68.2%). According to the survey 84.6%, 77.45, 78.1%, 69.9%, 59.9% and 86.6% of subjects didn't eat meat, fish, soysauce, instant food, sugar and seaweed respectively. Seaweed, meat, and soysauce showed low preferences. 69.5% and 74.75 of the subjects drink milk and ate kimchi respectively. By analyzing eating habits according to the degree of obesity, the rate of skipping breakfast(p<0.01), and eating meat or fish(p<0.05) were high in the overweight and obese groups of girls. In the boys case, the rate of not eating food in sugar(p<0.05) was high in the obese group. Obese children need to correct their eating habit. This reasserts the importance of nutrition education in children though teachers, parents, and dietitions. The findings of this study may be applied to nutrition education to ensure better physical fitness for chi......
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Eating , Education , Hip , Judgment , Meat , Milk , Obesity , Overweight , Parents , Pediatric Obesity , Physical Fitness , Prevalence , Seaweed , Snacks , ThinnessABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of iron of the elderly residing in the Jeonju area. The anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake and biochemical status of iron, were measured for 60 Korean elderly(23 elderly men and 37 elderly women aged 60 - 79 years old). The level of hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrint(Hct), serum iron(Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin(Ferritin) were measured and transferrin saturation(TFsaturation) was calculated. Mean values of Hb, Hct, Fe, TIBC, TFsaturation and Ferritin were 14.49+/-0.93g/dl, 42.47+/-2.59%, 125.48+/-52,.46 microgram/dl, 338.13+/-45.92 microgram/dl, 193.00+/-125.03 microgram/l in elderly men and 12.82+/-0.99 microgram/dl, 37.66+/-2.90%, 100.08+/-42.82 microgram/dl, 356.41+/-54.65 microgram/dl, and 99.35+/-117.22 microgram/l in elderly women, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency varied greatly with biochemical indices of iron. It was 13.0% when judged by Fe(60 microgram/dl) and TFsaturation(15%) whereas 34.78% by Hct(41%) in elderly men. However 13.5% of the elderly women showed iron depletion(Ferritin360 microgram/dl). The anemic subjects assessed with TFsaturation(<15%) represented 13.5% of the elderly women, whereas 18.9% of the subjects possessed less than 12g/dl of Hb. The Hb concentration was positively correlated with Hct(r=0.980, p<0.001), Fe(r=0.384, p<0.01) and TFsaturation(r=0.349, p<0.01). On the other hand, Ferritin concentration showed a significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=0.349, p<0.05) and a positive correlation with TFsaturation(r=0.362, p<0.01). Major food groups of iron intake in the elderly were vegetables, cereals, and fish. The mean daily intake of iron was not significantly different between elderly men and women(12.82mg vs 10.35mg). Intake of heme iron however, was significantly higher(p<0.01) in elderly men(1.03mg) than women(0.42mg). Total absorbable iron caculated by the method of Monsen was 0.55mg, 0.40mg in elderly men and women, respectively and bioavailability of dietary iron 4.29% and 3.87%.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Biological Availability , Edible Grain , Erythropoiesis , Ferritins , Hand , Heme , Iron , Iron, Dietary , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Transferrin , VegetablesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of iron of the elderly residing in the Jeonju area. The anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake and biochemical status of iron, were measured for 60 Korean elderly(23 elderly men and 37 elderly women aged 60 - 79 years old). The level of hemoglobin(Hb), hematocrint(Hct), serum iron(Fe), total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin(Ferritin) were measured and transferrin saturation(TFsaturation) was calculated. Mean values of Hb, Hct, Fe, TIBC, TFsaturation and Ferritin were 14.49+/-0.93g/dl, 42.47+/-2.59%, 125.48+/-52,.46 microgram/dl, 338.13+/-45.92 microgram/dl, 193.00+/-125.03 microgram/l in elderly men and 12.82+/-0.99 microgram/dl, 37.66+/-2.90%, 100.08+/-42.82 microgram/dl, 356.41+/-54.65 microgram/dl, and 99.35+/-117.22 microgram/l in elderly women, respectively. Prevalence of iron deficiency varied greatly with biochemical indices of iron. It was 13.0% when judged by Fe(60 microgram/dl) and TFsaturation(15%) whereas 34.78% by Hct(41%) in elderly men. However 13.5% of the elderly women showed iron depletion(Ferritin360 microgram/dl). The anemic subjects assessed with TFsaturation(<15%) represented 13.5% of the elderly women, whereas 18.9% of the subjects possessed less than 12g/dl of Hb. The Hb concentration was positively correlated with Hct(r=0.980, p<0.001), Fe(r=0.384, p<0.01) and TFsaturation(r=0.349, p<0.01). On the other hand, Ferritin concentration showed a significantly negative correlation with TIBC(r=0.349, p<0.05) and a positive correlation with TFsaturation(r=0.362, p<0.01). Major food groups of iron intake in the elderly were vegetables, cereals, and fish. The mean daily intake of iron was not significantly different between elderly men and women(12.82mg vs 10.35mg). Intake of heme iron however, was significantly higher(p<0.01) in elderly men(1.03mg) than women(0.42mg). Total absorbable iron caculated by the method of Monsen was 0.55mg, 0.40mg in elderly men and women, respectively and bioavailability of dietary iron 4.29% and 3.87%.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Biological Availability , Edible Grain , Erythropoiesis , Ferritins , Hand , Heme , Iron , Iron, Dietary , Nutritional Status , Prevalence , Transferrin , VegetablesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goblet cells secrete mucus in response to a wide variety of stimuli, playing an important role on increased nasal secretion. One of the main symptoms and signs in atrophic rhinitis and rhinitis sicca is a crust formation that fill up the nasal cavity, obstructing the nasal cavity. It has been suggested to be caused by mucosal atrophy and decreased nasal secretion. Nevertheless, distribution of goblet cells in both rhinitis has not been evaluated in the whole surface of inferior turbinate. The present study was to investigate the distribution density of goblet cells in the inferior turbinate of both rhinitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Impression cytology, using nitroscellulose membrane, was performed in inferior turbinates of normal control, rhinitis sicca and atrophic rhinitis patients. The membrane was fixed in the fixative and then stained with Alcian Blue. RESULTS: The membrane stained with Alcian Blue defined the whole distribution of goblet cells which was present in the medial surface of the inferior turbinate. In normal nasal turbinates, goblet cells were evenly distributed, and did not differ in their distribution density. In rhinitis sicca, goblet cells were irregularly distributed, showing a moth-eaten appearance in the anterior and mid-portion, whereas they gained the same distribution as the normal turbinate for the posterior portion. Atrophic rhinitis had a few number of goblet cells even in the mid-and posterior portion of the inferior turbinate. CONCLUSION: Impression cytology proves to be a reliable and efficient method for the evaluation of goblet cells distributed in the inferior turbinates. The present study demonstrated that goblet cells decreased in their number in inferior turbinates of both rhinitis, suggesting their major role in decreased nasal secretion.